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Martin Witherspoon Gary
Martin Witherspoon Gary (March 25, 1831 – April 9, 1881) was an attorney and a soldier, advancing to the rank of brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He played a major leadership role in the 1876 Democratic political campaign to elect Wade Hampton III as governor, planning a detailed campaign to disrupt the Republican Party and black voters by violence and intimidation.〔(Ehren K. Foley, "Sites of Violence: Cainhoy Riot," Citations: "Plan of the Campaign of 1876" ), ''South Carolina during Reconstruction'' website, 2010-2012, Papers of Martin Witherspoon Gary, South Caroliniana Library, Columbia, South Carolina, accessed 26 October 2014〕
Gary was elected to the State Senate in 1876 from Edgefield, serving two terms. He fell out with Hampton after failing to get appointments to the US Senate in 1877 and 1879.
==Early life and career==
Born in Cokesbury, South Carolina, to Dr. Thomas Reeder Gary and Mary Ann Porter, he received his primary education at Cokesbury Academy before enrolling at South Carolina College in 1850. However, his participation in ''the Great Biscuit Rebellion'' in 1852 resulted in his withdrawal from the state college. He returned to his studies and graduated from Harvard in 1854. In 1855, he was admitted to the bar and began practicing as a lawyer in Edgefield.
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